Effects of Physical Exercise on Lipid and Inflammatory Profile of Women Using Combined Oral Contraceptive: A Cross-Over Study

Abstract Background: The use of combined oral contraceptives (COC) is a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease, and physical exercise can minimize this condition. Objective: To verify if high intensity interval training (HIIT) promotes changes in the lipid and inflammatory profile of women using COC. Methods: Sequential crossover study with women aged 20-30 years, classified as irregularly active by the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), when using COC. A physical-clinical assessment was performed with anthropometric measurements, VO2max, and analysis of lipid and inflammatory profile. Participants were divided into 2 groups: the initial intervention group (GII), which began practicing HIIT for 2 months, and the posterior intervention group (GIP), which remained inactive for the same period. The GII and GIP would then alternate their conditions. The collected data was divided into: Initial moment (IM), post-exercise moment (PEM) and post-inactivity (PIM). The statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, adopting a significance level of p <0.05 . Results: Twelve women were evaluated. After crossing the GII and GIP data, there was a difference in the C-reactive protein values between the IM of 4 (1.6-6.3 mg/dL) vs. PEM 2 (1.5-5 mg/dL); as well as between the PEM vs. the PIM= 4 (1.5-5.8 mg/dL), with a p -value = 0.04 in the comparisons. There was no change between the "moments" of the lipid profile, although it was possible to notice a reduction in resting HR and an increase in indirect VO2max. Conclusion: The HIIT program was able to reduce the inflammatory profile, but it did not alter the lipid profile of irregularly active women using COC.

Barreiras da reabilitação cardíaca em uma cidade do nordeste do Brasil / Barriers to cardiovascular rehabilitation care in a northeast city of Brazil

Averiguar as barreiras por regiões do Brasil, pode ser uma valiosa estratégia para melhorar a inserção e adesão dos pacientes cardiopatas a programas de reabilitação cardiovascular. Objetivo: Identificar e descrever os motivos que levam a não inclusão de indivíduos cardiopatas em programas de reabilitação cardiovascular. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal com 79 indivíduos de ambos sexos, com idade superior a 50 anos, cardiopatas provenientes de cinco clínicas particulares de cardiologia. Para identificação dos fatores que interferiam na inclusão dos pacientes aos programas de reabilitação cardiovascular, foi aplicada a escala de barreiras para reabilitação cardíaca. Esse instrumento é composto de 22 itens, sendo que 21 são questões fechadas e objetivas. Os indivíduos foram instruídos a assinalar "SIM" ou "NÃO" para cada item objetivo da escala, caso identificassem o item como uma barreira ou não para a inclusão/adesão. Resultados: 64(81%) da amostra não sabia da existência da reabilitação cardiovascular e dos seus benefícios. Para 50(63%) a distância da residência até o centro de reabilitação foi uma barreira. Além disso, o custo com mobilidade urbana 37 (47%) e a não indicação do médico por achar desnecessário 32 (40%) também foram apontadas como barreiras. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo indicam que as principais bramireis para a não inserção em programas de reabilitação cardiovascular foram a falta de conhecimento sobre os benefícios desse tipo de programa, a distância da residência dos pacientes até o centro mais próximo e o custo com deslocamento

Identifying barriers by regions of Brazil can be a valuable strategy to improve the insertion and adherence of patients with cardiopathy to cardiovascular rehabilitation programs. Objective: To identify and describe the reasons that lead to the non-inclusion of individuals with cardiopathy in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 79 individuals of both sexes, aged over 50 years, with cardiopathy from five private cardiology clinics. To identify the factors that interfered with the inclusion of patients in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs, the scale of barriers for cardiac rehabilitation was applied. This instrument is composed of 22 items, 21 of which are closed and objective questions. Individuals were instructed to tick "YES" or "NO" for each target item on the scale if they identified the item as a barrier to inclusion / adherence. Results: 64 (81%) of the sample did not know about the existence of cardiovascular rehabilitation and its benefits. For 50 (63%) the distance from the residence to the rehabilitation center was a barrier. In addition, the cost of urban mobility 37 (47%) and the lack of indication of the physician as unnecessary 32 (40%) were also pointed as barriers.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the main reasons for non-insertion in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs were the lack of knowledge about the benefits of this type of program, the distance of the patients' residence to the nearest center and the displacement cost

Eficácia de um programa de condicionamento físicointervalado sobre a tolerância à caminhada em umindivíduo com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica / Effectiveness of a physical conditioning program on walk tolerance in an individual with peripheral arterial obstructive disease

A doença arterial obstrutiva periférica (DAOP) afeta 20% dapopulação idosa atingindo mais homens do que mulheres. Dentre ossintomas a claudicação intermitente é a manifestação mais comum,resultando em limitação significante da caminhada. O objetivo desterelato de caso foi avaliar a eficácia de um programa de condicionamentoem esteira ergométrica sobre a tolerância à caminhada (TC)de um indivíduo com DAOP. Indivíduo WCF, sexo masculino,74 anos, apresentava obstrução total de artéria superficial da coxae 95% de obstrução arterial em poplítea e tibial anterior, todas emmembro inferior direito, identificadas por arteriografia. Foi submetidoa um Teste de Tolerância Máxima à Caminhada (TTMC) emesteira ergométrica a 2,0 km/h e posteriormente a um programa decondicionamento realizado três vezes por semana em sete séries de80% do TTMC, com um minuto de descanso, a 2,0 km/h durantequatro meses. Após esse período realizou-se novo TTMC. Foi observadoque a TC aumentou 663%, ocorrendo também diminuiçãodo número de paradas para descanso nos percursos habituais. Osresultados sugerem que o treinamento em esteira foi eficiente namelhora da TC nesse indivíduo...

Peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAOD) affects 20% of theelderly population and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.Most frequent symptom of PAOD is intermittent claudication,which depends on the discrepancy between supply and demand ofoxygen required by the muscles during walking. The purpose of thiscase study was to evaluate the efficacy of a conditioning programon a treadmill, on the walking tolerance (WT) of an individualwith PAOD. WCF, male, 74 years, presented total superficial femoralartery occlusion and 95% of popliteal arterial occlusion andanterior tibial artery, all in the right leg, identified by angiography.He underwent a test in the treadmill at 2.0 km/h to assess maximalwalking tolerance (MWTT) and then performed a conditioningprogram three times per week in seven sets of 80% of MWTT intreadmill, with one minute rest, 2.0 km/h for four months. Afterthis period MWTT was performed again. It was observed that WTincreased 663%, and the number of rest intervals stops decreasedduring the daily walks. The results suggest that treadmill trainingwas effective in improving WT in this individual...